[Turkish] Beginner 1 - session 2 (1/3) 主要與次要的母音規則

from  http://www.turkishclass.com/ 


主要的母音規則

Hard vowels:	a, ı, o, u
Soft vowels:	e, i, ö, ü

一個單字可能不只有一個母音,  判別是軟母音字或硬母音字,  以最後一個母音而定

如包含方向時的後接修飾時
硬母音字 的後接修飾必須為 硬母音,  如 -da
軟母音字 的後接修飾必須為 軟母音,  如 -de
at home --> evde,  at school --> okulda. at the lake --> gölde

in the car --> arabada

次要的母音規則

Flat vowels:	A, E, I, İ
Round vowels:	O, Ö, U, Ü

一個單字可能不只有一個母音,  判別是平母音字或圓母音字,  以最後一個母音而定 
ev[home] is a flat word since its last and only vowel, e, is a flat vowel.

okul[school] is a round word since its last vowel, u, is a round vowel.

kahve[coffee] is a flat word since its last vowel, e, is a flat vowel.

若字尾接續 -i 時,  
-- 遇到硬母音且為圓母音字,  則變成  -u    

• okul --> school [a hard vowel]
• suffix we will add is -im (gives the meaning my)
• my school --> okulum [the suffix -im changes according to vowel harmonies and becomes -um]

--遇到軟母音且為圓母音字,  則變成  -ü   

• gül --> rose
• suffix we will add is -im (gives the meaning my)
• my rose --> gülüm [the suffix -im changes according to vowel harmonies and becomes-üm]