[Turkish] Beginner 1 - session 1 (3/3) 名詞狀態

From  http://www.turkishclass.com/

名詞狀態

五種基本名詞狀態(於字尾修飾)

State	Meaning
Nothing state (no suffix)	Just the plain noun.
-i state	Marks the noun as the subject of an action.
-e state	Adds the meaning of direction (very similar to the proposition to)
-de state	Adds the meaning of position (Used for the prepositions in, at, on)
-den state	Adds the meaning of from, used for this preposition

(Nothing state:)

• This is a house. --> Bu bir ev.

-i state:

• I saw the house. --> Evi gördüm.

-e/a (state:=to) ,   若遇字尾為母音, 則變成ye/ya

• Go home. --> Eve git. (House and home are the same word in Turkish, 'ev'.)
  Türkiye´ye > to Turkia (has the -y buffer because ´Türkiye´ ends with a vowel)   

-de/da (state: ='in', 'at', 'on'),  若遇子音(p, ç, t, k, h, s, ş, f), 則變成 te/ta

• The pen is on the table. --> Kalem masada.
• Joe is at school. --> Joe okulda.
• Your mother is in that room. --> Annen o odada.
  parkta > in the park

-den/dan (state:=from),  若遇子音(p, ç, t, k, h, s, ş, f), 則變成 ten/tan

• I came from home. --> Evden geldim.
  parktan > from the park