| State | Meaning |
| Nothing state (no suffix) | Just the plain noun. |
| -i state | Marks the noun as the subject of an action. |
| -e state | Adds the meaning of direction (very similar to the proposition to) |
| -de state | Adds the meaning of position (Used for the prepositions in, at, on) |
| -den state | Adds the meaning of from, used for this preposition |
| Hard vowels: | a, ı, o, u |
| Soft vowels: | e, i, ö, ü |
| Letter | Pronunciation |
| A, a |
like the a in car
|
| B, b | like the b in bet |
| C, c | like the g in gender |
| Ç, ç | like the ch in chance |
| D, d | like the d in debt |
| E, e | like the e in less |
| F, f | like the f in felony |
| G, g | like the g in game |
| Ğ, ğ | this is a very weak sound, not pronouncing at all will be ok |
| H, h | like the h in hello |
| I, ı | like the e in halted |
| İ, i | like the ee in keen |
| J, j | like the ge in garage |
| K, k |
like the k in kelly
|
| L, l | like the l in lamb |
| M, m | like the m in man |
| N, n | like the n in neighbor |
| O, o | like the a in ball |
| Ö, ö | like the u in urge |
| P, p | like the p in pen |
| R, r | like the r in rent |
| S, s |
like the s in send
|
| Ş, ş | like the sh in shed |
| T, t | like the t in tennis |
| U, u | like the oo in good |
| Ü, ü | like the u in nude |
| V, v | like the v in vent |
| Y, y | like the y in yes |
| Z, z | like the z in zen |
